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Ijide na nchekwa carbon dị mkpa iji nweta ebumnuche nke nkwekọrịta Paris.Photosynthesis bụ teknụzụ okike maka ijide carbon.N'ịbụ onye na-enweta ume sitere na lichens, anyị mepụtara 3D cyanobacteria photosynthetic biocomposite (ie mimicking lichen) na-eji polymer latex acrylic etinyere na sponge loofah.Ọnụego nnabata nke CO2 site na biocomposite bụ 1.57 ± 0.08 g CO2 g-1 nke biomass d-1.Ọnụego nnabata na-adabere na biomass akọrọ na mmalite nke nnwale ahụ wee gụnye CO2 eji eto biomass ọhụrụ yana CO2 dị na ogige nchekwa dị ka carbohydrates.Ọnụego nnabata ndị a bụ ugboro 14-20 dị elu karịa usoro njikwa slurry yana enwere ike ịbawanye elu iji weghara 570 t CO2 t-1 biomass kwa afọ-1, nke dabara na 5.5-8.17 × 106 hectare nke iji ala, wepụ 8-12 GtCO2. CO2 kwa afọ.N'ụzọ dị iche, bioenergy nke ọhịa nwere njide na nchekwa carbon bụ 0.4–1.2 × 109 ha.Biocomposite nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ maka izu 12 na-enweghị nri ma ọ bụ mmiri ọzọ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a kwụsịrị nnwale ahụ.N'ime usoro teknụzụ nwere akụkụ dị iche iche nke mmadụ iji lụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ, ihe nrụpụta na nhazi nke biocomposites cyanobacterial nwere ikike maka mbugharị na-adịgide adịgide na nke nwere ike ịbawanye ụba nke mwepụ CO2 na-ebelata mfu mmiri, ihe oriri na ala.
Mgbanwe ihu igwe bụ ezigbo ihe iyi egwu nye ụdị ndụ dị iche iche zuru ụwa ọnụ, nkwụsi ike gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị mmadụ.Iji belata mmetụta ya kachasị njọ, a na-ahazi na mmemme decarburization dị ukwuu, na, n'ezie, a chọrọ ụdị ụfọdụ nke iwepụ gas na-ekpo ọkụ na ikuku.N'agbanyeghị mma decarbonization nke ọkụ eletrik generation2,3, ugbu a enweghị aku na uba ngwọta na-adigide na akụ na ụba carbon dioxide (CO2) 4, ọ bụ ezie na flue gas ijide na-aga n'ihu5.Kama ngwọta injinia nwere ike ịgbatị na nke bara uru, ndị mmadụ kwesịrị ịgakwuru ndị injinia sitere n'okike maka ijide carbon - photosynthetic organisms (phototrophic organisms).Photosynthesis bụ nkà na ụzụ mmepụta carbon nke okike, mana ike ya ịweghachite mmụba carbon anthropogenic n'oge ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ oge bara uru bụ ihe a na-enyo enyo, enzymes adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na ike ya ibunye n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ kwesịrị ekwesị bụ ihe a na-enyo enyo.Ụzọ nwere ike isi mee fototrophy bụ ịkụ osisi, nke na-egbutu osisi maka bioenergy na carbon njide na nchekwa (BECCS) dị ka nkà na ụzụ na-adịghị mma nke nwere ike inye aka belata ụgbụ CO21 ikuku.Agbanyeghị, iji nweta ebumnuche okpomọkụ nke Agreement Paris nke 1.5°C site na iji BECCS dị ka usoro bụ isi ga-achọ 0.4 ruo 1.2 × 109 ha, nke dabara na 25–75% nke ala ubi ụwa ugbu a6.Na mgbakwunye, ejighị n'aka na-ejikọta na mmetụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke CO2 fatịlaịza na-etinye ajụjụ banyere arụmọrụ zuru oke nke ubi ọhịa7.Ọ bụrụ na anyị ga-erute ebumnuche okpomọkụ nke nkwekọrịta Paris setịpụrụ, 100 sekọnd nke GtCO2 nke ikuku griin haus (GGR) ga-ewepụrịrị na ikuku kwa afọ.Ngalaba nyocha na ihe ọhụrụ nke UK kwuputara ego n'oge na-adịbeghị anya maka ọrụ GGR8 ise gụnyere njikwa ala ahịhịa, oke ihu igwe na-emewanyewanye, ịkụ osisi, biochar na ihe ọkụkụ na-eto eto iji zụọ usoro BECCS.Ọnụ ego nke iwepụ ihe karịrị 130 MtCO2 site na ikuku kwa afọ bụ 10-100 US $ / tCO2, 0.2-8.1 MtCO2 kwa afọ maka mweghachi peatland, 52-480 US $ / tCO2 na 12-27 MtCO2 kwa afọ maka ihu igwe nke nkume. , 0.4-30 USD / afọ.tCO2, 3.6 MtCO2 / yr, 1% na-abawanye na mpaghara ọhịa, 0.4-30 US $ / tCO2, 6-41 MtCO2 / yr, biochar, 140-270 US $ / tCO2, 20 -70 Mt CO2 kwa afọ maka ihe ọkụkụ na-adịgide adịgide na-eji. BECCS9.
Nchikota nke uzo ndi a nwere ike iru 130 Mt CO2 kwa afo, ma ego nke ihu igwe ihu igwe na BECCS di elu, na biochar, n'agbanyeghi na o di oke ala na nke na-adighi ala, choro nri nri maka usoro mmepụta biochar.na-enye mmepe na ọnụọgụgụ a ka ibuga teknụzụ GGR ndị ọzọ.
Kama ịchọ ihe ngwọta n'ala, chọọ mmiri, karịsịa phototrophs nwere otu cell dị ka microalgae na cyanobacteria10.Algae (gụnyere cyanobacteria) na-ejide ihe dị ka 50% nke carbon dioxide n'ụwa, n'agbanyeghị na ha bụ naanị 1% nke biomass ụwa11.Cyanobacteria bụ ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na mbụ, na-atọ ntọala maka metabolism iku ume na mmalite nke ndụ multicellular site na oxygenic photosynthesis12.Echiche nke iji cyanobacteria weghara carbon abụghị ihe ọhụrụ, mana ụzọ ọhụrụ nke ntinye anụ ahụ na-emepe ọhụụ ọhụrụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ oge ochie.
Ọdọ mmiri mepere emepe na fotobioreactors bụ akụ ndabara mgbe ị na-eji microalgae na cyanobacteria maka ebumnuche ụlọ ọrụ.Usoro omenala ndị a na-eji omenala nkwusioru nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-ese n'elu n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-eto eto14;Otú ọ dị, ọdọ mmiri na photobioreactors nwere ọtụtụ ọghọm dị ka ogbenye CO2 oke nnyefe, iji kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ nke ala na mmiri, nhụsianya na biofouling, na nnukwu ewu na ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ15,16.Biofilm bioreactors nke na-adịghị eji omenala nkwusioru na-akawanye akụ na ụba n'ihe banyere mmiri na ohere, ma nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke desiccation mmebi, na-adịkarị mfe biofilm detachment (na ya mere ọnwụ nke biomass na-arụ ọrụ), ma na-adịkarị mfe biofouling17.
A na-achọ ụzọ ọhụrụ iji mee ka ọnụọgụ CO2 dị elu ma dozie nsogbu ndị na-egbochi slurry na biofilm reactors.Otu ụzọ dị otú ahụ bụ biocomposites photosynthetic sitere na lichens.Lichens bụ mgbagwoju anya nke fungi na photobionts (microalgae na/ma ọ bụ cyanobacteria) nke na-ekpuchi ihe dịka 12% nke ala ala ụwa18.Ndị fungi na-enye nkwado anụ ahụ, nchebe, na ichichi nke mkpụrụ ndụ photobiotic, nke n'aka nke ya na-enye fungi ahụ carbon (dị ka ngwaahịa foto synthetic na-agafe agafe).Biocomposite a na-atụ aro bụ "lichen mimetic", nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị cyanobacteria gbadoro anya na-eme ka ọ ghara imegharị ya n'ụdị biocoating dị gịrịgịrị na mkpụrụ ihe na-ebu.Na mgbakwunye na sel, biocoating nwere matrix polymer nke nwere ike dochie ero.A na-ahọrọ emulsions polymer ma ọ bụ "latexes" nke dabeere na mmiri n'ihi na ha dị ndụ, na-adịgide adịgide, dị ọnụ ala, dị mfe ijikwa na azụmahịa dị19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.
Ndozi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị nwere polymers latex na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu site na nhazi nke latex na usoro mmepụta ihe nkiri.Emulsion polymerization bụ usoro dị iche iche eji emepụta rọba sịntetik, mkpuchi nrapado, mkpuchi, ihe mgbakwunye ihe, akwụkwọ na akwa akwa, na latex paints27.Ọ nwere ọtụtụ uru karịa ụzọ polymerization ndị ọzọ, dị ka ọnụego mmeghachi omume dị elu na arụmọrụ ntụgharị monomer, yana ịdị mfe nke njikwa ngwaahịa27,28.Nhọrọ nke monomers na-adabere na ihe ndị a chọrọ nke ihe nkiri polymer na-arụpụta, na maka usoro monomer agwakọta (ie, copolymerizations), ihe onwunwe nke polymer nwere ike gbanwee site na ịhọrọ oke dị iche iche nke monomers nke na-emepụta ihe polymer.Butyl acrylate na styrene so na monomers acrylic latex a na-ejikarị eme ihe ebe a.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-ejikarị ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe (dịka Texanol) iji kwalite mmepụta ihe nkiri edo edo ebe ha nwere ike gbanwee ihe onwunwe nke polymer latex iji mepụta mkpuchi siri ike na "na-aga n'ihu" (coalescing).N'ime ihe omumu ihe omuma nke mbu anyi, ebe elu di elu, elu porosity 3D biocomposite bu ihe eji agba latex ahia nke etinyere na sponge loofah.Mgbe ogologo oge na-aga n'ihu na-emegharị (izu asatọ), biocomposite gosipụtara ikike dị nta iji jide cyanobacteria na loofah scaffold n'ihi na uto cell na-ebelata iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke latex.N'ime ọmụmụ ihe ugbu a, anyị bu n'obi ịmepụta usoro nke acrylic latex polymers nke kemịkalụ ama ama maka iji ya na-aga n'ihu na ngwa ijide carbon na-achụghị mmebi iwu polymer.N'ime nke a, anyị egosipụtala ikike ịmepụta ihe dị ka lichen dị ka polymer matrix nke na-enye arụmọrụ ndụ ka mma yana mmụba dị ukwuu n'arụ ọrụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere biocomposites egosipụtara.Nkwalite ọzọ ga-eme ka nnabata nke biocomposites maka ijide carbon, ọkachasị mgbe ejikọtara ya na cyanobacteria metabolically gbanwetụrụ iji welie CO2 sequestration.
A nwalere latexes itoolu nwere usoro polymer atọ (H = "ike", N = "nkịtị", S = "dị nro") na ụdị atọ nke Texanol (0, 4, 12% v / v) maka nsí na njikọ njikọ.Nrapado.sitere na cyanobacteria abụọ.Ụdị Latex nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na S. elongatus PCC 7942 (nnwale Shirer-Ray-Hare, latex: DF=2, H=23.157, P=<0.001) na CCAP 1479/1A (ụzọ abụọ ANOVA, latex: DF=2, F = 103.93, P = <0.001) (Fig. 1a).Ịta nke texanol emetụtaghị uto nke S. elongatus PCC 7942, naanị N-latex na-adịghị egbu egbu (Fig 1a), na 0 N na 4 N nọgidere na-eto eto nke 26% na 35%, n'otu n'otu (Mann- Whitney U. na njikwa ndu (Mahadum Mann-Whitney, 12 N vs. njikwa: W = 17.0, P = 0.885).Maka S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A, ma ngwakọta latex na ntinye uche texanol bụ ihe dị mkpa, na mmekọrịta dị ịrịba ama n'etiti abụọ ahụ (ụzọ abụọ ANOVA, latex: DF = 2, F = 103.93, P= <0.001, Texanol) : DF=2, F=5.96, P=0.01, Latex *Texanol: DF=4, F=3.41, P=0.03).0 N na ihe niile "dị nro" latexes kwalitere uto (Fig 1a).Enwere ọchịchọ ịkwalite uto site na mbelata ihe mejupụtara styrene.
Nnwale nsi na nchikota nke cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 na CCAP 1479/1A) na usoro latex, mmekọrịta na okpomọkụ mgbanwe iko (Tg) na matrix mkpebi dabere na toxicity na adhesion data.(a) A na-eme nnwale nsí site na iji atụmatụ dị iche iche nke uto pasenti nke cyanobacteria emeziri iji chịkwaa omenala nkwusioru.Ọgwụgwọ ndị akara * dị nnọọ iche na njikwa.(b) data uto cyanobacteria megide Tg latex (pụtara ± SD; n = 3).(c) Ọnụọgụ mkpokọta cyanobacteria ewepụtara na nnwale nrapado biocomposite.(d) Adhesion data megide Tg nke latex (pụtara ± StDev; n = 3).e Mkpebi matrix dabere na nsí na data adhesion.Oke styrene na butyl acrylate bụ 1:3 maka “ike” (H) latex, 1:1 maka “nkịtị” (N) na 3:1 maka “dị nro” (S).Nọmba ndị gara aga na koodu latex kwekọrọ na ọdịnaya nke Texanol.
N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, ndụ cell na-ebelata site na ịba ụba texanol, ma ọ dịghị njikọ dị ịrịba ama maka ụdị ọ bụla (CCAP 1479/1A: DF = 25, r = -0.208, P = 0.299; PCC 7942: DF = 25, r). = - 0.127, P = 0.527).Na fig.1b na-egosi njikọ dị n'etiti uto cell na iko mgbanwe okpomọkụ (Tg).Enwere njikọ siri ike na-adịghị mma n'etiti ntinye uche texanol na ụkpụrụ Tg (H-latex: DF=7, r=-0.989, P=<0.001; N-latex: DF=7, r=-0.964, P=<0.001) ; S- latex: DF=7, r=-0.946, P=<0.001).Ihe omuma a gosiputara na Tg kacha mma maka uto nke S. elongatus PCC 7942 di gburugburu 17 Celsius (Njirimara 1b), ebe S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A kwadoro Tg n'okpuru 0 Celsius C (Nyocha 1b).Naanị S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A nwere njikọ siri ike na-adịghị mma n'etiti Tg na data toxicity (DF=25, r=-0.857, P=<0.001).
All latexes nwere ezigbo adhesion affinity, na ọ dịghị onye n'ime ha wepụtara karịa 1% nke mkpụrụ ndụ mgbe 72 h (Fig. 1c).Enweghị ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama n'etiti latexes nke ụdị abụọ nke S. elongatus (PCC 7942: Scheirer-Ray-Hara test, Latex * Texanol, DF=4, H=0.903; P=0.924; CCAP 1479/1A: Scheirer- Nyocha Ray).- Nnwale anụ ọhịa, latex * texanol, DF=4, H=3.277, P=0.513).Ka ntinye nke Texanol na-abawanye, a na-ahapụ ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ (Njirimara 1c).tụnyere S. elongatus PCC 7942 (DF=25, r=-0.660, P=<0.001) (Nyocha 1d).Ọzọkwa, enweghị mmekọrịta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'etiti Tg na cell adhesion nke ụdị abụọ ahụ (PCC 7942: DF=25, r=0.301, P=0.127; CCAP 1479/1A: DF=25, r=0.287, P=0.147).
Maka ụdị abụọ ahụ, polymers latex " siri ike" adịghị arụ ọrụ.N'ụzọ dị iche, 4N na 12N rụrụ ọrụ kacha mma megide S. elongatus PCC 7942, ebe 4S na 12S rụrụ nke ọma megide CCAP 1479 / 1A (Fig 1e), ọ bụ ezie na e nwere n'ụzọ doro anya ohere maka inwekwu njikarịcha nke polymer matrix.A na-eji polymer ndị a mee ihe n'ule ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ CO2 nke ọkara.
A na-enyocha fotophysiology maka ụbọchị 7 site na iji sel kwụsịtụrụ na ngwakọta latex mmiri.N'ozuzu, ma ọnụ ọgụgụ photosynthesis pụtara ìhè (PS) na ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke PSII quantum (Fv / Fm) na-ebelata ka oge na-aga, mana mbelata nke a bụ nke na-adịghị mma na ụfọdụ ihe ndekọ data PS na-egosi nzaghachi biphasic, na-atụ aro nzaghachi akụkụ, ọ bụ ezie na mgbake ozugbo. Ọrụ PS dị mkpụmkpụ (Fig 2a na 3b).Nzaghachi Fv/Fm nke biphasic adịchaghị akpọpụta (Figures 2b na 3b).
(a) Ọnụego fotosynthesis pụtara ìhè (PS) na (b) mkpụrụ kacha elu PSII quantum (Fv/Fm) nke Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 na nzaghachi nye usoro latex ma e jiri ya tụnyere omenala nkwusioru.Oke styrene na butyl acrylate bụ 1:3 maka “ike” (H) latex, 1:1 maka “nkịtị” (N) na 3:1 maka “dị nro” (S).Nọmba ndị gara aga na koodu latex kwekọrọ na ọdịnaya nke Texanol.(pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ndahie; n = 3).
(a) Ọnụego photosynthesis pụtara ìhè (PS) na (b) mkpụrụ kacha elu PSII quantum (Fv/Fm) nke Synechococcus elongatus CCAP 1479/1A na nzaghachi nye usoro latex tụnyere omenala nkwusioru.Oke styrene na butyl acrylate bụ 1:3 maka “ike” (H) latex, 1:1 maka “nkịtị” (N) na 3:1 maka “dị nro” (S).Nọmba ndị gara aga na koodu latex kwekọrọ na ọdịnaya nke Texanol.(pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ndahie; n = 3).
Maka S. elongatus PCC 7942, ihe mejupụtara latex na ntinye uche Texanol emetụtaghị PS n'ime oge (GLM, Latex * Texanol * Oge, DF = 28, F = 1.49, P = 0.07), ọ bụ ezie na ihe mejupụtara bụ ihe dị mkpa (GLM)., Latex * oge, DF = 14, F = 3.14, P = <0.001) (Fig. 2a).Enweghị mmetụta dị ịrịba ama nke ntinye uche Texanol n'ime oge (GLM, Texanol * oge, DF=14, F=1.63, P=0.078).Enwere mmekọrịta dị ịrịba ama na-emetụta Fv/Fm (GLM, Latex * Texanol * Oge, DF=28, F=4.54, P= <0.001).Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nhazi latex na ntinye uche Texanol nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na Fv / FM (GLM, Latex * Texanol, DF = 4, F=180.42, P= <0.001).Oke nke ọ bụla na-emetụta Fv/Fm ka oge na-aga (GLM, Latex * Oge, DF = 14, F=9.91, P= <0.001 na Texanol * Oge, DF=14, F=10.71, P=<0.001).Latex 12H nọgidere na-enwe PS kachasị ala na ụkpụrụ Fv / FM (Fig 2b), na-egosi na polymer a bụ ihe na-egbu egbu.
PS nke S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A dị nnọọ iche (GLM, latex * Texanol * oge, DF = 28, F = 2.75, P = <0.001), na ihe mejupụtara latex kama itinye uche Texanol (GLM, Latex * oge, DF). = 14, F=6.38, P= <0.001, GLM, Texanol * oge, DF=14, F=1.26, P=0.239).Polymers 0S na 4S jigidere ntakịrị ọkwa dị elu nke arụmọrụ PS karịa njikwa nkwusioru (Mann-Whitney U, 0S na njikwa, W = 686.0, P = 0.044, 4S na njikwa, W = 713, P = 0.01) ma na-echekwa ya. emelitere Fv./Fm (Fig. 3a) na-egosi njem na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na Photosystem II.Maka ụkpụrụ Fv / Fm nke sel CCAP 1479/1A, enwere nnukwu ọdịiche latex karịa oge (GLM, Latex * Texanol * Oge, DF = 28, F=6.00, P= <0.001) (Nyocha 3b).).
Na fig.4 na-egosi nkezi PS na Fv/Fm n'ime ụbọchị 7 dịka ọrụ nke uto cell maka ụdị ọ bụla.S. elongatus PCC 7942 enweghị ụkpụrụ doro anya (Fig 4a na b), Otú ọ dị, CCAP 1479/1A gosipụtara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti PS (Fig 4c) na Fv / Fm (Fig 4d) ụkpụrụ dị ka oke nke styrene na butyl acrylate na-eto na mgbanwe.
Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti uto na fotophysiology nke Synechococcus longum na nkwadebe latex.(a) Data toxicity kpara nkata megide ọnụ ọgụgụ fotosynthetic pụtara (PS), (b) mkpụrụ ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ PSII kachasị (Fv/Fm) nke PCC 7942. c data toxicity kpara nkata megide PS na d Fv/Fm CCAP 1479/1A.Oke styrene na butyl acrylate bụ 1:3 maka “ike” (H) latex, 1:1 maka “nkịtị” (N) na 3:1 maka “dị nro” (S).Nọmba ndị gara aga na koodu latex kwekọrọ na ọdịnaya nke Texanol.(pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ndahie; n = 3).
PCC 7942 biocomposite nwere mmetụta nwere oke na njide cell yana leaching cell dị mkpa n'ime izu anọ mbụ (Nyocha 5).Mgbe usoro mbụ nke CO2 gachara, mkpụrụ ndụ edozi na 12 N latex malitere ịhapụ CO2, ụkpụrụ a na-adịgidekwa n'etiti ụbọchị 4 na 14 (Fig 5b).Ihe data ndị a dabara na nleba anya nke ngbanwe nke pigmenti.Net CO2 na-ewelite malite ọzọ site na ụbọchị 18. N'agbanyeghị cell ntọhapụ (Fig. 5a), PCC 7942 12 N biocomposite ka na-akwakọba ọzọ CO2 karịa njikwa nkwusioru n'elu 28 ụbọchị, n'agbanyeghị obere (Mann-Whitney U-ule, W = 2275.5; P = 0.066).Ọnụego nnabata nke CO2 site na latex 12 N na 4 N bụ 0.51 ± 0.34 na 1.18 ± 0.29 g CO2 g-1 nke biomass d-1.Enwere ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama n'etiti ọgwụgwọ na ọkwa oge (Chairer-Ray-Hare test, treatment: DF=2, H=70.62, P=<0.001 time: DF=13, H=23.63, P=0.034), ma ya ọ bụghị.enwere mmekọrịta dị ịrịba ama n'etiti ọgwụgwọ na oge (Chairer-Ray-Har test, time * treatment: DF=26, H=8.70, P=0.999).
Nnwale nnabata nke ọkara-batch CO2 na Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 biocomposites na-eji 4N na 12N latex.(a) Onyonyo na-egosi ntọhapụ cell na ngbanwe nke pigmenti, yana ihe oyiyi SEM nke biocomposite tupu na mgbe ule gasịrị.Ahịrị nwere ntụpọ ọcha na-egosi saịtị nke ntinye cell na biocomposite.(b) Mkpokọta ụgbụ CO2 n'ime izu anọ."Nkịtị" (N) latex nwere oke nke styrene na butyl acrylate nke 1:1.Nọmba ndị gara aga na koodu latex kwekọrọ na ọdịnaya nke Texanol.(pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ndahie; n = 3).
A kwalitere njide cell nke ọma maka eriri CCAP 1479/1A nwere 4S na 12S, ọ bụ ezie na pigmenti ji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbanwee agba ka oge na-aga (Fig 6a).Biocomposite CCAP 1479/1A na-amịkọrọ CO2 maka ụbọchị 84 zuru ezu (izu iri na abụọ) na-enweghị mgbakwunye nri ndị ọzọ.Nyocha SEM (Fig. 6a) kwadoro nleba anya anya nke obere sel sel.Na mbụ, sel ndị ahụ nọ na mkpuchi latex nke nọgidere na-eguzosi ike n'ezi ihe n'agbanyeghị uto cell.Ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye nke CO2 dị elu karịa otu njikwa (Nnwale Scheirer-Ray-Har, ọgwụgwọ: DF = 2; H = 240.59; P = <0.001, oge: DF = 42; H = 112; P = <0.001) ( Foto nke 6b).12S biocomposite nwetara nnabata CO2 kachasị elu (1.57 ± 0.08 g CO2 g-1 biomass kwa ụbọchị), ebe 4S latex bụ 1.13 ± 0.41 g CO2 g-1 biomass kwa ụbọchị, mana ha adịghị iche (Mann-Whitney U . ule, W = 1507.50; P = 0.07) na enweghị mmekọrịta dị ịrịba ama n'etiti ọgwụgwọ na oge (Shirer-Rey-Hara ule, oge * ọgwụgwọ: DF = 82; H = 10 .37; P = 1.000).
Nnwale nnabata nke ọkara CO2 site na iji Synechococcus elongatus CCAP 1479/1A biocomposites nwere 4N na 12N latex.(a) Onyonyo na-egosi ntọhapụ cell na ngbanwe nke pigmenti, yana ihe oyiyi SEM nke biocomposite tupu na mgbe ule gasịrị.Ahịrị nwere ntụpọ ọcha na-egosi saịtị nke ntinye cell na biocomposite.(b) Mkpokọta ụgbụ CO2 n'ime oge izu iri na abụọ ahụ.Latex "Soft" (S) nwere oke nke styrene na butyl acrylate nke 1:1.Nọmba ndị gara aga na koodu latex kwekọrọ na ọdịnaya nke Texanol.(pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ndahie; n = 3).
S. elongatus PCC 7942 (Nnwale Shirer-Ray-Har, oge * ọgwụgwọ: DF = 4, H = 3.243, P = 0.518) ma ọ bụ biocomposite S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A (abụọ-ANOVA, oge * ọgwụgwọ: DF = 8) , F = 1.79, P = 0.119) (Fig. S4).Biocomposite PCC 7942 nwere ọdịnaya carbohydrate kachasị elu na izu 2 (4 N = 59.4 ± 22.5 wt%, 12 N = 67.9 ± 3.3 wt%), ebe nkwusioru njikwa nwere ọdịnaya carbohydrate kachasị elu na izu 4 mgbe (njikwa = 59.6 ± 2.84% w/w).Mkpokọta ọdịnaya carbohydrate nke CCAP 1479 / 1A biocomposite dị ka nkwusioru nchịkwa ma e wezụga na mmalite nke ikpe ahụ, na mgbanwe ụfọdụ na 12S latex na izu 4. Ihe kachasị elu maka biocomposite bụ 51.9 ± 9.6 wt% maka 4S na 77.1 ± 17.0 wt% maka 12S.
Anyị ewepụtala iji gosipụta ohere imewe maka ịkwalite iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke ihe nkiri latex polymer mkpuchi dị mkpa dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke echiche lichen mimic biocomposite na-enweghị ịchụpụ biocompatibility ma ọ bụ arụmọrụ.N'ezie, ọ bụrụ na emeri ihe ịma aka nhazi nke jikọtara ya na uto cell, anyị na-atụ anya na a ga-enwe ọganihu dị ịrịba ama n'ime ihe ndị na-eme nchọpụta anyị, bụ ndị a na-atụnyere na cyanobacteria na microalgae carbon sistem.
Ihe mkpuchi ga-abụ nke na-adịghị egbu egbu, na-adịgide adịgide, na-akwado nkwado cell adhesion ogologo oge, ọ ga-abụrịrị porous iji kwalite arụmọrụ CO2 mass transfer na O2 degassing.Acrylic polymers nke ụdị latex dị mfe ịkwadebe, a na-ejikwa ya na agba, textile na nrapado30.Anyị jikọtara cyanobacteria na acrylic latex polymer emulsion polymerized nke nwere oke nke styrene / butyl acrylate particles na mkpokọta dị iche iche nke Texanol.A họọrọ Styrene na butyl acrylate ka ha nwee ike ijikwa ihe anụ ahụ, karịsịa ngbanwe na ịdị mma nke mkpuchi mkpuchi (dị oke mkpa maka mkpuchi siri ike na nke ukwuu), na-ekwe ka njikọ nke "ike" na "dị nro".Ihe omuma nke nsi na-egosi na latex "siri ike" nke nwere ihe di elu nke styrene adighi akwado ndu nke cyanobacteria.N'adịghị ka butyl acrylate, styrene na-ewere na-egbu egbu na algae32,33.Ụdị cyanobacteria na-emeghachi omume n'ụzọ dị nnọọ iche na latex, a na-ekpebikwa okpomọkụ mgbanwe iko kacha mma (Tg) maka S. elongatus PCC 7942, ebe S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A gosipụtara mmekọrịta na-adịghị mma na Tg.
Okpomọkụ ihicha na-emetụta ikike ịmepụta ihe nkiri latex edo edo na-aga n'ihu.Ọ bụrụ na ihicha okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru Opekempe Film Forming Temperature (MFFT), na polymer latex irighiri ga-n'ụzọ zuru ezu coalesce, dapụtara na adhesion naanị na urughuru interface.Ihe nkiri ndị a na-esi na ya pụta enweghị nrapado na ike arụ ọrụ na-adịghị mma ma nwee ike ịdị n'ụdị ntụ ntụ29.MFFT nwere njikọ chiri anya na Tg, nke enwere ike ịchịkwa ya site na nchịkọta monomer na mgbakwunye nke coalescents dị ka Texanol.Tg na-ekpebi ọtụtụ njirimara anụ ahụ nke mkpuchi na-apụta, nke nwere ike ịbụ na rubbery ma ọ bụ iko iko34.Dị ka Flory-Fox equation35 si kwuo, Tg dabere n'ụdị monomer na ihe mejupụtara pasentị.Mgbakwunye nke coalescent nwere ike belata MFFT site na nkwụsịtụ oge nke Tg nke latex particles, nke na-enye ohere ịmepụta ihe nkiri na okpomọkụ dị ala, ma ka na-emepụta mkpuchi siri ike ma sie ike n'ihi na coalescent na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ekpochapụ oge ma ọ bụ na-ewepụta 36.
Ịba ụba nke Texanol na-akwalite mmepụta ihe nkiri site na ime ka ihe ndị ahụ polymer dị nro (na-ebelata Tg) n'ihi ntinye nke ihe ndị ahụ n'oge ihicha, si otú ahụ na-abawanye ike nke ihe nkiri na-ejikọta ọnụ na cell adhesion.N'ihi na a na-akpọnwụ biocomposite na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ (~ 18-20 ° C), Tg (30 ruo 55 ° C) nke latex " siri ike" dị elu karịa ihicha okpomọkụ, nke pụtara na urughuru coalescence nwere ike ọ gaghị adị mma, na-akpata ya. Ihe nkiri B nke na-anọgide na-amị amị, akụrụngwa na-adịghị mma na nke nrapado, mmachi oke na diffusivity30 na-eduga n'ikpeazụ na-efunahụ cell.Ịmepụta ihe nkiri sitere na polymers "nkịtị" na "dị nro" na-eme na ma ọ bụ n'okpuru Tg nke ihe nkiri polymer, a na-eme ka mmepụta ihe nkiri dịkwuo mma site n'inyocha mma nke ọma, na-eme ka ihe nkiri polymer na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, nhazi, na nrapado.Ihe nkiri a ga-esi na ya pụta ga-anọgide na-emepụta rubbery n'oge nyocha nke CO2 n'ihi na Tg ya dị nso (ngwakọta "nkịtị": 12 ruo 20 ºC) ma ọ bụ dị ala (ngwakọta "dị nro": -21 ruo -13 °C) na okpomọkụ 30.Latex “ike” (3.4 ruo 2.9 kgf mm–1) siri ike okpukpu atọ karịa latex “nkịtị” (1.0 ruo 0.9 kgf mm–1).Enweghị ike iji microhardness tụọ ike nke latexes "dị nro" n'ihi oke rubberness na nrapara ha na okpomọkụ ụlọ.Ụgwọ dị n'elu nwekwara ike imetụta njikọ nke adhesion, mana achọrọkwu data iji nye ozi bara uru.Agbanyeghị, latexes niile jigidere sel nke ọma, na-ahapụ ihe na-erughị 1%.
Nrụpụta nke photosynthesis na-ebelata ka oge na-aga.Ngosipụta na polystyrene na-eduga ná nkwụsị nke akpụkpọ ahụ na nrụgide oxidative38,39,40,41.Ụkpụrụ Fv / Fm nke S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A kpughere na 0S na 4S fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere njikwa nkwusioru, nke dị mma na nkwekọrịta CO2 na-ebuli elu nke 4S biocomposite, yana na ụkpụrụ PS dị ala.ụkpụrụ.Uru Fv/Fm dị elu na-egosi na mbufe elektrọn na PSII nwere ike ibuga photons42 karịa, nke nwere ike ibute ọnụego ndozi CO2 dị elu.Agbanyeghị, ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na enwetara data fotophysiological sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ kwụsịtụrụ na ngwọta latex mmiri na ọ nwere ike ọ gaghị abụcha ntụnyere ozugbo na biocomposites tozuru oke.
Ọ bụrụ na latex na-emepụta ihe mgbochi nke ìhè na / ma ọ bụ mgbanwe gas na-eme ka ìhè na njedebe CO2 pụta, ọ nwere ike ịkpata nrụgide cellular ma belata arụmọrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-emetụta ntọhapụ O2, photorespiration39.A na-enyocha nnyefe ọkụ nke mkpuchi a gwọchara: "Latex siri ike" gosipụtara ntakịrị mbelata nke nnyefe ọkụ n'etiti 440 na 480 nm (emelitere n'akụkụ site n'ịba ụba nke Texanol n'ihi mma coalescence nkiri), mgbe "dị nro" na "mgbe niile. ” Latex gosipụtara ntakịrị mbelata nke nnyefe ọkụ.na-egosi enweghị ngosi ọnwụ ọnwụ.Nnwale ndị ahụ, yana mgbakwunye niile, bụ nke emere na obere ọkụ (30.5 µmol m-2 s-1), yabụ radieshọn ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ nke foto synthetically n'ihi matrix polymer ga-akwụ ụgwọ ma nwee ike ịba uru n'igbochi photoinhibition.na-emebi ọkụ ọkụ.
Biocomposite CCAP 1479/1A na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ụbọchị 84 nke ule, na-enweghị mgbanwe nri ma ọ bụ nnukwu ọnwụ nke biomass, nke bụ isi ebumnobi nke ọmụmụ ihe.Enwere ike ijikọ depigmentation cell na usoro chlorosis na nzaghachi nke agụụ nitrogen iji nweta ndụ ogologo oge (ọnọdụ ezumike), nke nwere ike inyere mkpụrụ ndụ aka ịmaliteghachi uto mgbe e nwetasịrị nchịkọta nitrogen zuru ezu.Ihe oyiyi SEM kwadoro na mkpụrụ ndụ ahụ nọgidere n'ime mkpuchi ahụ n'agbanyeghị nkewa sel, na-egosipụta ngbanwe nke latex "dị nro" ma si otú a na-egosi uru doro anya karịa ụdị nnwale ahụ.Latex "dị nro" nwere ihe dịka 70% butyl acrylate (n'ịdị arọ), nke dị elu karịa nke a na-ekwu maka mkpuchi na-agbanwe agbanwe mgbe ihichachara44.
Ihe ntanetị nke CO2 dị elu karịa nke nkwụsị nchịkwa (14-20 na 3-8 ugboro dị elu maka S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A na PCC 7942, n'otu n'otu).Na mbụ, anyị na-eji CO2 mass transfer model na-egosi na isi ọkwọ ụgbọala nke elu CO2 elu bụ a nkọ CO2 ntinye gradient n'elu nke biocomposite31 na na biocomposite arụmọrụ nwere ike na-ejedebeghị site iguzogide oke ibufe.Enwere ike imeri nsogbu a site n'itinye ihe ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu, ndị na-abụghị ihe nkiri na-emepụta ihe na latex iji mee ka porosity na permeability nke mkpuchi26 dị, ma enwere ike imebi njigide cell n'ihi na atụmatụ a ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị ike nke film20.Enwere ike ịgbanwe ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ n'oge polymerization iji mee ka porosity dịkwuo elu, nke bụ nhọrọ kachasị mma, karịsịa n'ihe gbasara mmepụta mmepụta ihe na scalability45.
Arụmọrụ nke biocomposite ọhụrụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọmụmụ na-adịbeghị anya site na iji biocomposites sitere na microalgae na cyanobacteria gosipụtara uru n'ịgbanwe ọnụego nnabata cell (Table 1) 21,46 yana ogologo oge nyocha (ụbọchị 84 megide 15 hours46 na 3 weeks21).
Ọdịnaya volumetric nke carbohydrates n'ime sel na-atụnyere nke ọma na ọmụmụ ndị ọzọ47,48,49,50 na-eji cyanobacteria ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe nwere ike iji jide carbon na itinye n'ọrụ / ngwa mgbake, dị ka maka usoro ịgba ụka BECCS49,51 ma ọ bụ maka imepụta biodegradable. bioplastics52 .Dịka akụkụ nke ebumnuche maka ọmụmụ ihe a, anyị na-eche na ịkụ osisi, ọbụlagodi na a tụlere na echiche na-adịghị mma nke BECCS, abụghị ihe ngwọta maka mgbanwe ihu igwe ma na-eri oke egwu nke ala ubi ụwa6.Dịka nnwale echiche, e mere atụmatụ na n'etiti 640 na 950 GtCO2 ga-adị mkpa ka ewepụ ya na ikuku site na 2100 iji gbochie oke okpomọkụ ụwa ruo 1.5°C53 (ihe dịka 8 ruo 12 GtCO2 kwa afọ).Ime nke a na biocomposite na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma (574.08 ± 30.19 t CO2 t-1 biomass kwa afọ-1) ga-achọ mgbasawanye olu site na 5.5 × 1010 ruo 8.2 × 1010 m3 (ya na arụmọrụ fotoynthetic yiri ya), nwere site na 196 ruo 2 ijeri lita. polymer.N'iburu n'uche na 1 m3 nke biocomposites nwere 1 m2 nke mpaghara ala, mpaghara a chọrọ iji nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ CO2 kwa afọ ga-adị n'etiti 5.5 na 8.17 nde hectare, nke kwekọrọ na 0.18-0.27% nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka ndụ nke ala ndị dị na mpaghara ahụ. okpomọkụ, ma belata mpaghara ala.mkpa maka BECCS site na 98-99%.Ekwesiri iburu n'uche na usoro njide ihe omuma nke dabeere na ntinye nke CO2 edere na obere ìhè.Ozugbo biocomposite ekpughere n'ìhè eke siri ike karị, ọnụego CO2 na-anata na-abawanye, na-ebelata ihe ndị chọrọ ala ma na-atụnye akpịrịkpa ahụ gaa n'ihu n'echiche biocomposite.Otú ọ dị, mmejuputa a ghaghị ịdị na equator maka ike ọkụ azụ mgbe niile na ogologo oge.
Mmetụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke CO2 fatịlaịza, ya bụ mmụba nke ihe ọkụkụ na-emepụta site na ịba ụba CO2 dị, ebelatala n'ọtụtụ mpaghara ala, eleghị anya n'ihi mgbanwe na isi ihe nri ala (N na P) na mmiri mmiri7.Nke a pụtara na photosynthesis terrestrial nwere ike ọ gaghị eme ka mmụba nke CO2 na-ebuli elu, n'agbanyeghị oke CO2 dị elu na ikuku.N'okwu a, atumatu mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe dabere na ala dịka BECCS adịchaghị enwe ike ịga nke ọma.Ọ bụrụ na ekwenye na ihe omume zuru ụwa ọnụ a, biocomposite sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke lichen nwere ike ịbụ isi ihe bara uru, na-agbanwe microbes aquatic photosynthetic microbes nke nwere otu cell ka ọ bụrụ “ndị nnọchi anya ala.”Ọtụtụ osisi terrestrial na-edozi CO2 site na C3 photosynthesis, ebe osisi C4 na-akawanye mma maka ikpo ọkụ, ebe obibi na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nrụgide akụkụ CO254 dị elu.Cyanobacteria na-enye ihe ọzọ nwere ike imebi amụma dị egwu nke mbelata ikuku carbon dioxide na osisi C3.Cyanobacteria emeriwo njedebe photorespiratory site n'ịmepụta usoro na-eme ka carbon na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma bụ nke a na-egosipụta nrụgide akụkụ dị elu nke CO2 ma na-echekwa ya site na ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase (RuBisCo) n'ime carboxysomes gburugburu.Ọ bụrụ na enwere ike ịbawanye mmepụta nke cyanobacterial biocomposites, nke a nwere ike ịghọ ngwá agha dị mkpa maka ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ n'ọgụ megide mgbanwe ihu igwe.
Biocomposites (lichen mimics) na-enye uru doro anya karịa ọdịnala nkwusioru microalgae na cyanobacteria, na-enye ọnụego nnabata CO2 dị elu, na-ebelata ihe egwu mmetọ, na-ekwe nkwa ịzere CO2 asọmpi.Ọnụ ego na-ebelata nke ukwuu iji ala, mmiri na nri56.Ọmụmụ ihe a na-egosi na ọ ga-ekwe omume ịmepụta na ịmepụta latex na-arụ ọrụ dị elu nke, mgbe ejikọtara ya na sponge loofah dị ka onye na-eme ntuli aka, nwere ike inye CO2 nke ọma ma dị irè karịa ọnwa nke ịwa ahụ ma na-edebe ọnwụ cell na opekempe.Biocomposites nwere ike were usoro ihe dị ka 570 t CO2 t-1 nke biomass kwa afọ ma nwee ike gosipụta na ọ dị mkpa karịa atụmatụ ịkụ osisi nke BECCS na nzaghachi anyị maka mgbanwe ihu igwe.Site n'ịkwalite nkwalite nke ihe mejupụtara polymer, ịnwale na ike ọkụ dị elu, yana jikọtara ya na injinịa metabolic sara mbara, ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ mbụ nke okike nwere ike ịbịa napụta ọzọ.
A na-akwado polymers latex acrylic site na iji ngwakọta nke monomers styrene, butyl acrylate na acrylic acid, na pH gbanwere na 7 na 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (tebulu 2).Styrene na butyl acrylate mejupụtara ihe ka ukwuu n'agbụ polymer, ebe acrylic acid na-enyere aka idobe ụmụ irighiri latex na nkwusioru57.A na-ekpebi ihe nhazi nke latex site na iko mgbanwe okpomọkụ (Tg), nke a na-achịkwa site n'ịgbanwe nha nke styrene na butyl acrylate, nke na-enye ihe ndị siri ike na "dị nro", n'otu n'otu58.Otu ụdị acrylic latex polymer bụ 50:50 styrene: butyl acrylate 30, yabụ na ọmụmụ ihe a, a na-akpọ latex na nke a dị ka "nkịtị" latex, na latex nwere ọdịnaya styrene dị elu ka a na-ezo aka dị ka latex nwere ọdịnaya styrene dị ala. .akpọrọ "dị nro" dị ka "ike".
Ejiri mmiri distilled (174 g), sodium bicarbonate (0.5 g) na Rhodapex Ab/20 surfactant (30.92 g) (Solvay) kwadebere emulsion bụ isi iji mee ka ụmụ irighiri mmiri dị 30 monomer guzosie ike.N'iji sirinji iko (Science Glass Engineering) na mgbapụta sirinji, aliquot nke abụọ nwere styrene, butyl acrylate na acrylic acid edepụtara na tebụl 2 ka agbakwunyere na-agbada n'ogo nke 100 ml h-1 na emulsion bụ isi ihe karịrị awa 4 (Cole). -Palmer, Ugwu Vernon, Illinois).Kwadebe ihe ngwọta nke polymerization initiator 59 iji dHO na ammonium persulfate (100 ml, 3% w / w).
Gwakọta ihe ngwọta nwere dHO (206 g), sodium bicarbonate (1 g) na Rhodapex Ab / 20 (4.42 g) na-eji ihe na-ebufe elu (Heidolph Hei-TORQUE uru 100) na igwe anaghị agba nchara na okpomọkụ ruo 82 ° C na a arịa nwere mkpuchi mmiri na VWR Scientific 1137P mmiri ịsa mmiri.A na-agbakwunye ihe ngwọta dị arọ nke monomer (28.21 g) na onye mmalite (20.60 g) n'ime ụgbọ mmiri nwere jaket ma kpalie maka nkeji 20.Gwakọta nke ọma monomer fọdụrụnụ (150 ml h-1) na onye mmalite (27 ml h-1) ngwọta iji mee ka ihe ndị ahụ kwụsịtụ ruo mgbe agbakwunyere ha na jaket mmiri n'elu 5 h na-eji sirinji 10 ml na 100 ml n'otu n'otu n'ime akpa. .mechaa ya na mgbapụta sirinji.A na-abawanye ọsọ mkpali n'ihi mmụba nke ụda slurry iji hụ na njide slurry.Mgbe agbakwunyere onye mbido na emulsion, a na-ebuli okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume na 85 Celsius C, kpalie nke ọma na 450 rpm maka nkeji 30, wee mee ka ọ dị jụụ na 65 ° C.Mgbe ọ dị jụụ, a na-agbakwunye ihe ngwọta abụọ nke mbugharị na latex: tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) (70% na mmiri) (5 g, 14% n'ịdị arọ) na isoascorbic acid (5 g, 10% site na ibu)..Tinye t-BHP site na dobe wee hapụ nkeji iri abụọ.Erythorbic acid wee tinye ya na ọnụego 4 ml / h site na sirinji 10 ml site na iji mgbapụta sirinji.A na-emezi ihe ngwọta latex dị jụụ ka ọ bụrụ okpomọkụ ma gbanwee ka pH 7 nwere 0.1M sodium hydroxide.
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (Texanol) - obere toxicity biodegradable coalescent maka latex paints 37,60 - agbakwunyere ya na sirinji na mgbapụta na mpịakọta atọ (0, 4, 12% v / v) dị ka coalescing onye na-ahụ maka ngwakọta latex iji kwado nhazi ihe nkiri n'oge ihicha37.Achọpụtara pasentị siri ike latex site n'itinye 100 µl nke polymer ọ bụla n'ime okpu foil aluminom atụgoro atụgoro na ihicha n'ime oven na 100°C maka awa 24.
Maka nnyefe ọkụ, a na-etinye ngwakọta latex ọ bụla na mmịfe microscope site na iji kube igwe anaghị agba nchara ahazi iji mepụta ihe nkiri 100 µm wee kpọọ nkụ na 20°C maka awa 48.A tụrụ nnyefe ọkụ (lekwasịrị anya na radieshon foto synthetically na-arụ ọrụ, λ 400-700 nm) na ILT950 SpectriLight spectroradiometer nwere ihe mmetụta dị anya nke 35 cm site na oriọna fluorescent 30 W (Sylvania Luxline Plus, n = 6) - ebe ọkụ. Isi mmalite bụ cyanobacteria na ihe ndị dị ndụ na-echekwa ihe ndị mejupụtara.Ejiri ụdị sọftụwia SpectriLight III 3.5 edekọ ọkụ na nnyefe na oke λ 400-700 nm61.A na-etinye ihe nlele niile n'elu ihe mmetụta ahụ, a na-ejikwa ihe mmịfe iko na-enweghị mkpuchi mee ihe dị ka njikwa.
Agbakwunyere ihe nlele latex n'ime efere esi mmiri silicone wee hapụ ya ka ọ kpọọ nkụ maka awa 24 tupu anwale ya maka ike siri ike.Tinye ihe nlele latex akpọnwụwo n'elu okpu ígwè n'okpuru microscope x10.Ka emechara lekwasịrị anya, a tụlere ihe nlele ndị ahụ na ihe nnwale microhardness Buehler Micromet II.A na-edobe ihe nlele ahụ n'ike nke 100 ruo 200 gram na oge ibu ahụ setịpụrụ na 7 sekọnd iji mepụta diamond diamond n'ime ihe nlele ahụ.A tụlere mbipụta ahụ site na iji ebumnuche microscope Bruker Alicona × 10 nwere sọftụwia nha nha ọzọ.Ejiri usoro siri ike nke Vickers (Nha nhata 1) gbakọọ ike nke latex ọ bụla, ebe HV bụ nọmba Vickers, F bụ ike etinyere, na d bụ nkezi nke diagonal indent gbakọrọ site na ịdị elu na obosara nke latex.uru indent.Enweghị ike ịlele latex "dị nro" n'ihi nrapanye na gbatịa n'oge ule ntinye.
Iji chọpụta okpomọkụ mgbanwe iko (Tg) nke ihe mejupụtara latex, a na-etinye ihe nlele polymer na efere silica gel, nke a mịrị amị maka awa 24, tụọ ya na 0.005 g, ma tinye ya na efere ihe atụ.Ekpuchiri efere ahụ ma dọba ya n'ụdị nyocha agba dị iche (PerkinElmer DSC 8500, Intercooler II, sọftụwia nyocha data Pyris)62.A na-eji usoro mgbaba ọkụ na-atụba iko ntụaka na iko nlele n'otu oven nwere nyocha ọkụ arụnyere n'ime iji tụọ okpomọkụ.A na-eji ngụkọta nke ramp abụọ mepụta usoro na-agbanwe agbanwe.A na-ebuli usoro nlele ahụ ugboro ugboro site na -20 Celsius ruo 180 Celsius na ọnụego 20 ° C kwa nkeji.A na-echekwa ebe mmalite na njedebe ọ bụla maka nkeji 1 iji mee ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ kwụsị.
Iji nyochaa ikike nke biocomposite iji nweta CO2, a kwadebere ma nwalee ihe nlele n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị na ọmụmụ anyị gara aga31.A na-egbutu ákwà ịsa ahụ a mịrị amị na nke akpaghị aka n'ime ibe nke ihe dịka 1 × 1 × 5 cm wee tụọ ya.Tinye 600 µl nke biocoatings abụọ kachasị dị irè nke nje cyanobacteria ọ bụla n'otu akụkụ nke eriri loofah ọ bụla, na-ekpuchi ihe dịka 1 × 1 × 3 cm, wee kpọọ nkụ n'ọchịchịrị na 20 ° C maka awa 24.N'ihi usoro macroporous nke loofah, ụfọdụ n'ime usoro a na-efunahụ ya, n'ihi ya, nrụpụta cell loading abụghị 100%.Iji merie nsogbu a, a na-ekpebi ịdị arọ nke nkwadebe akọrọ na loofah ma mee ka ọ dị mma maka nkwadebe akọrọ.A kwadebere njikwa ọgwụ nje nke nwere loofah, latex, na ihe na-edozi ahụ n'ụzọ yiri nke ahụ.
Iji mee ule nyocha nke ọkara nke CO2, tinye biocomposite (n = 3) na tube iko 50 ml nke mere na otu njedebe nke biocomposite (na-enweghị biocoating) na kọntaktị na 5 ml nke ihe na-eto eto, na-ekwe ka ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ. a ga-ebufe ya site na mmetụta capillary..A na-eji cork butyl rọba mechie karama ahụ nke nwere dayameta nke 20 mm ma jiri okpu ọla ọcha kpuchie ya.Ozugbo etinyere ya, gbanye 45 ml nke 5% CO2/ikuku na agịga na-adịghị mma nke etinyere na sirinji gas.Njupụta cell nke nkwusioru njikwa (n = 3) dabara na ibu cell nke biocomposite na usoro nri.Emere ule a na 18 ± 2 Celsius C na oge foto nke 16: 8 na oge foto nke 30.5 µmol m-2 s-1.A na-ewepụ oghere isi kwa ụbọchị abụọ site na iji sirinji na-ekpo ọkụ gas wee nyochaa ya na mita CO2 nwere nnabata infrared GEOTech G100 iji chọpụta pasentị CO2 etinyere.Tinye nha nha nke ngwakọta gas CO2.
A na-agbakọ % CO2 Fix dị ka ndị a:% CO2 Fix = 5% (v / v) - dee% CO2 (nha nhata 2) ebe P = nrụgide, V = olu, T = okpomọkụ, na R = ezigbo gas mgbe niile.
Ọnụego nnabata CO2 akọwara maka nkwusioru njikwa nke cyanobacteria na biocomposites bụ nke emeziri ka ọ bụrụ njikwa na-abụghị nke ndu.Nkeji na-arụ ọrụ nke g biomass bụ ọnụọgụ biomass kpọrọ nkụ anaghị emegharị n'ákwà mmiri.A na-ekpebi ya site n'ịtụle nlele loofah tupu na mgbe edozichara cell.Accounting maka cell ibu uka (biomass kwekọrọ) site n'otu n'otu na-atụle nkwadebe tupu na mgbe ihicha na ịgbakọ njupụta nke cell nkwadebe (nha nhata 3).A na-eche na nkwadebe cell ga-adakọ ọnụ n'oge nhazi.
Eji Minitab 18 na Microsoft Excel nwere ihe mgbakwunye RealStatistics maka nyocha ọnụ ọgụgụ.A nwalere ụkpụrụ nke ọma site na iji ule Anderson-Darling, a nwalekwara nha anya dị iche iche site na iji ule Levene.A tụlere data na-eju echiche ndị a site na iji nyocha ụzọ abụọ nke ọdịiche (ANOVA) na ule Tukey dị ka nyocha post hoc.A na-enyocha data ụzọ abụọ nke na-emezughị echiche nke ịdị mma na nha nhata site na iji ule Shirer-Ray-Hara na mgbe ahụ Mann-Whitney U-ule iji chọpụta ihe dị n'etiti ọgwụgwọ.A na-eji ụdị nke jikọtara ọnụ (GLM) maka data na-abụghị nke nkịtị nwere ihe atọ, ebe agbanwere data ahụ site na iji Johnson transform63.Emere njikọ oge nke ngwaahịa Pearson iji nyochaa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ntinye uche Texanol, okpomọkụ mgbanwe iko, na nsí latex na data adhesion.
Oge nzipu: Jan-05-2023